手动编译安装gcc

代码用到了一些C++17特性，但由于集群上的GCC版本比较老旧，出现了一些难以解决的段错误，因此选择了自己手动编译一份新版本GCC来避免此类问题。编译GCC虽然不难，但是整体较为繁琐，因此在此记录一下以免遗忘。

GCC的构建需要GMP（GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library，GNU多精度算术库）、MPFR（Multiple Precision Floating-Point Reliable，多精度浮点可靠库）和MPC（Multiple Precision Complex，多精度复数库）这三个库。首先需要先按顺序安装这些库，并在配置GCC时指定它们的路径。

1.安装GMP

wget https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/gmp-6.2.1.tar.bz2
tar -xvf gmp-6.2.1.tar.bz2
cd gmp-6.2.1
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1
make
make install

2.安装MPFR

wget https://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-current/mpfr-4.2.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf mpfr-4.2.0.tar.gz
cd mpfr-4.2.0
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/mpfr-4.2.0 --with-gmp-include=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/include --with-gmp-lib=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/lib64
make
make install

3.安装MPC

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz
tar -xvf mpc-1.2.1.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.2.1
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/mpc-1.2.1 --with-gmp-include=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/include --with-gmp-lib=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/lib64 --with-mpfr-include=$HOME/local/mpfr-4.2.0/include --with-mpfr-lib=$HOME/local/mpfr-4.2.0/lib64
make
make install

将GMP、MPFR和MPC的库文件路径添加到的LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量中。

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/lib64:$HOME/local/mpfr-4.2.0/lib64:$HOME/local/mpc-1.2.1/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

4.安装gcc

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-9.3.0/gcc-9.3.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf gcc-9.3.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-9.3.0
./configure --prefix=$HOME/local/gcc-9.3.0 --with-gmp-include=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/include --with-gmp-lib=$HOME/local/gmp-6.2.1/lib64 --with-mpfr-include=$HOME/local/mpfr-4.2.0/include --with-mpfr-lib=$HOME/local/mpfr-4.2.0/lib64 --with-mpc-include=$HOME/local/mpc-1.2.1/include --with-mpc-lib=$HOME/local/mpc-1.2.1/lib64 --disable-multilib
make
make install

加入–disable-multilib是因为这里没有32位开发库，否则会报错。

设置环境变量

export PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-9.3.0/bin:$PATH
export LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-9.3.0/lib64:$LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-9.3.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-9.3.0/include:$C_INCLUDE_PATH
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$HOME/local/gcc-9.3.0/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH